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ADHD UK Medication ADHD medications are controlled and require prescription from a specialist clinician. These are known as stimulants and comprise the family of methylphenidates (Ritalin, Concerta etc) amphetamine salts, as well as atomoxetine. Other non-medical treatments like talking therapy is also recommended. The use of medication can ease symptoms but they can't alter long-standing negative coping strategies. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the most well-known ADHD drug prescribed in the UK, is also used to treat narcolepsy as well as other psychiatric conditions. It is also used to treat narcolepsy as well as several other psychiatric conditions. It comes in both immediate-release tablets as well as extended-release capsules. The extended-release version is slower to dissolve and provides long-lasting effects. It is prescribed for a limited time period and the dosage is determined by the patient's symptoms. In general, stimulant medicines increase activity in areas of the brain which control behaviour and attention. They are often called “cognitive enhancers” and help people focus, pay attention and stay on task. Methylphenidate stimulates the activity of areas of the brain which are underactive for ADHD patients. It also functions as a central nervous system stimulant that can improve the way your body uses energy. It is sold under the brand name Ritalin. A recent study found that prescriptions for methylphenidate have increased by eightfold in the UK over the last two decades. This is a major health risk for the public and suggests that there may be overdiagnosis of ADHD in the UK. Researchers looked at data from the Clinical Practice Research Database (CPRD) which includes the details of all NHS patients registered with a GP in England from 1992 until 2013. The study focused on drugs that were approved by the British National Formulary for ADHD and classified as CNS stimulants. This includes methylphenidate, atomoxetine (including immediate release methylphenidate as well as the methylphenidate extended release) as well as dexamphetamine and its derivative lisdexamfetamine as well modafinil. Pemoline is no longer licensed in the UK because of liver toxicity and therefore was not included in the study. Researchers have found that methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed medication for children aged 5 or younger. Nearly a quarter of these children have been prescribed this medication. Despite the fact that National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NIHCE) guidelines suggest medication only as a first-line treatment for children suffering from severe ADHD symptoms, this is what happened. They also recommend that parents consider psychological interventions instead. The findings suggest that the rise in prescriptions of methylphenidate may be due in part to the availability and accessibility of mental health services. However, it could also reflect an increased awareness of ADHD among young people, as well as a willingness to seek treatment and diagnosis. Additionally, there are likely to be instances of improper prescribing of methylphenidate for adolescents and young adults. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibit (SNRI) is used to treat ADHD among children and adolescents. It can also be used to treat the comorbidity symptoms of anxiety. It is not a stimulant and has a low potential for abuse. It has been proven to be effective in clinical trials and is an option for children who have not had a positive response to stimulants. However the long-term safety of atomoxetine is not known. Atomoxetine is different from other ADHD medications for ADHD. It increases the quantity of a chemical called noradrenaline in the brain. This chemical carries messages between nerve cells, and increasing its levels can boost concentration and control impulses. It comes in a capsule and is taken one time per day. This medication is usually used in conjunction with other treatments, including psychological therapy, educational support, and cognitive therapy for behavioural issues. In one study, atomoxetine was shown to be more effective than placebo when it comes to improving ADHD symptoms. It is also well-tolerated and has less risk of having side effects than stimulants, especially for children. Furthermore, a cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that treatment strategies that included the initial use of atomoxetine are less expensive than those that used methylphenidate or dexamfetamine. This drug has been linked with some serious side effects, such as suicidal thoughts. Talk to your doctor immediately if your child is showing these signs. Many medications such as monoamine inhibitors of oxidase (MAOIs), like phenelzine can interact with atomoxetine. If your child is taking MAOIs, stop the medication and consult your doctor to suggest a different option. Some people may experience a feeling of fatigue, a loss of appetite, or stomach discomfort. These side effects are usually mild, but they can be severe in certain instances. Atomoxetine is associated with an extremely rare but serious condition known as hepatic dysfunction which can lead to liver failure. In some cases, this can be fatal. It is important to consult your doctor if you have had liver problems or any other health issues in the past. Tell your doctor about all the medications you take including supplements and herbal remedies. adhd medication names iampsychiatry.com includes prescription as well as over-the-counter medications as well as minerals and vitamins. It is important to tell your doctor if you are taking any other ADHD medications, such as methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine. You should also inform your doctor that you or your child are breastfeeding or pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Dexamfetamine Dexamfetamine is a stimulant that is used to treat ADHD in adults. It is able to improve concentration and attention, as well as reduce impulsive behavior and improve mood. It can be taken as a capsule, solution or by mouth. It is essential to follow the instructions of your doctor. If you take too much or stop abruptly can cause problems. Do not drive or operate machinery if you are taking this medication. It is also a crime to carry around the medicine without a prescription. You must always carry proof that you've been given it, such as a repeated prescription form or an information leaflet. You should also bring your medication to work or to school with you in the event that it's required during the day. Dexamfetamine is to be used with caution in patients with epilepsy, because it may lower the threshold for convulsions. It should not be used in patients who have an history of cardiac or blood vessel disorders, such as coronary heart disease and high blood pressure. It is not recommended for use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. It is excreted from breast milk, and so it could pose a threat for the baby. If the symptoms of ADHD become worse, a review by the physician is suggested. This can help determine if the condition is controlled by medication and if medication is appropriate. This will allow the prescribing doctor to modify dosages or change treatments if necessary. A doctor will start the patient with a low dosage and gradually increase it to ensure that they receive the correct level of medication. It is also a good idea to take the tablets at the same time every day, and ideally with food. This will help you remember to take them, and will lower the chance of not taking your doses. Psychoeducation and therapy may be beneficial for those suffering from ADHD, in addition to medication. This can help children and adults cope with their condition. Therapy can assist them in dealing with additional problems such as depression or anxiety. Psychoeducation combines education materials and support from a qualified professional, whereas therapy can be behavioural or cognitive. Modafinil Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting prescription drug that reduces extreme sleepiness that accompanies conditions such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and shift work sleep disorder. It is also used off-label to treat symptoms of ADHD in adults 18 years old or older. However, it isn't specifically approved for this use and should only be taken under a doctor's supervision. It is available only with a prescription, and should be stored in a safe place out of reach of children. It is crucial to adhere to the instructions on the prescription label. Also, consult your physician or pharmacist to explain any aspect of the medication that you don't understand. The NHS website describes Modafinil as an anti-sleepy central nervous system stimulant. Modafinil is prescribed for the treatment of the symptoms of narcolepsy, but it is widely used for people with Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and fatigue caused by sleep apnea/hypopnea, or shift work. Executives, students and military personnel who must be alert are also common users. A recent survey of UK students found that one-in-five students had taken a “smart drug” to help them concentrate during their exams. Jack Rivlin, 24, editor of the student newspaper The Tab in Farringdon, London, told BBC Newsbeat that he had bought modafinil on an offshore website for PS130 last term to aid him in his revision. He admits that modafinil has helped him stay on top of his notes and pass his test even though that he doesn't believe it will make him more intelligent. These aren't miracle cures and can have severe side-effects. In addition to its wakefulness-promoting effects, modafinil can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems in some patients, especially those with heart disease. It can also interact with certain medications, such as antidepressants and some sedatives. It is possible that you will experience withdrawal symptoms and become dependent on the medication if you suddenly stop taking it. Modafinil, like methylphenidate or Atomoxetine, is classified as a class B drug. This means that it is illegal to distribute, possess or sell. If you are found guilty, you could be facing up to five years in prison.